The Cultures of Colonial North America Essay Example for Free

The Cultures of Colonial North America Essay The Enlightment and the Great Awakening were both huge impacts on the colonial regions of North America. During the Enlightment, the thinkers were arguing that the universe was governed by natural laws that people could understand and apply to their own advantage. The writers were emphasizing rationality, harmony, and order. Sons were being sent to college during this time and many people were reading and writing. However the Enlightment did cause a decline in religious devotion. The Great Awakening was a response to the Enlightment because it challenged the rationalist approach to religion by having ministers preach more emotionally than rationally, by having people find relief in religious enthusiasm, and by having like-minded men be trained for the ministry. Before the Great Awakening, people were listening to ministers who were preaching rationally and not emotionally. The poor young people began to grow disaffected as they were forced to postpone marriages because of scarcity and expense of the land needed to farm a household. They refused to attend church meetings and would instead gather together at night for frolics, increasing their discontent. In the 1730s, Reverend Jonathan Edwards began a movement to challenge the rationalist approach on religion. He made the young people his target. He believed that their hearts needed to be touched in a way that appealed to their emotions. He preached and church membership began to grow with people wondering what they could do to be saved. People then began to listen to ministers preaching emotionally, rather than to ministers preaching rationally. People began to feel relief in religious enthusiasm. The people were going through economic and social stresses at this time, being unable to find land and unsure whether to marry, and to participate in the promise of a growing economy. This widespread colonial revival of religion became known as the Great Awakening. It is seen as the American version of the Protestant Reformation. Religious leaders established this with calls for piety and purity. During the Great Awakening, ministers began to be taught to preach emotionally. William Tennent established a school in Pennsylvania to train like-minded men for the ministry. His Log College evolved in the College of New Jersey. William Tennent toured with George Whitefield to deliver the famous sermon The Dangers of an Unconverted Ministry. This sermon told Protestants to examine the religious convictions of their own ministries. Conflict did break out, and in some regions the church hierarchy divided into separate organizations. The Enlightment and the Great Awakening go hand-in-hand in impacting the colonies of North America. The Enlightment was a time when there was a decline in religious devotion, but the Great Awakening was a colonial revival in the spread of religion. The Great Awakening was a response to the Enlightment because it challenged the rationalist approach to religion by having ministers preach more emotionally than rationally, by having people find relief in religious enthusiasm, and by having like-minded men be trained tor the ministry. The Great Awakening helped many economically and socially stressed people find relief in religion.

8th Fire: Indigenous in the City Analysis: One Step Forward, One Step B

8th Fire: Indigenous in the City, is part of a documentary series that describes the challenges that aboriginal people face when moving to the large cities from reservations. The documentary begins by describing the stereotypes that English Canadians as well as other visible minority groups perceive aboriginal people to be. They show how damaging the stereotypes are to the First Nations, especially in the area of education. The documentary concludes by offering a few some solutions of how to change and improve the relationship between the aboriginal community and the rest of Canada. The two main aspects of the film that I will focus my analysis on is the education system from past to present and the negative impacts it has had on the First Nation’s people as well as aboriginal stereotyping. These two themes were the most prominent topics brought up throughout the film, and while one topic was well argued and framed, the other I will argue was more damaging than educationa l. I should mention that due to my ethnicity being of aboriginal decent, Mà ©tis in particular, I was extremely critical of the film because though these issues need to be addressed publicly, if they are presented in the wrong light, it can cause more negative implications than positives. Though the film mentioned the impact that residential schools had and still has on the aboriginal people, I felt that this issue needed to be stressed further because the legacy of the schools is still extremely prominent in aboriginal communities today. The film refers to the fact that residential schools harmed the aboriginal people because they were not able to learn their culture, which has resulted in the formation of internalized oppression within in the group. â€Å"The... ...t Kids Docs Radio TV. Web. 1 Apr. 2012. . Fleras, Augie. â€Å"Aboriginal Peoples in Canada: Repairing the Relationship.† Chapter 7 of Unequal Relations: An Introduction to Race, Ethnic and Aboriginal Dynamics in Canada. 6th ed. Toronto: Pearson, 2010. 162-210. Print. King, Thomas. â€Å"Let Me Entertain You. The Truth About Stories: A Native Narrative. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2005. 61-89. Print. Ruth, Seà ¡n. â€Å"Theories of Internalized Oppression.† Leadership and Liberation: A Psychological Approach. London: Routledge, 2006. 155-173. Print. Schissel, Bernard, and Terry Wotherspoon. â€Å"The Legacy of Residential Schools.† Inequality in Canada: A Reader on the Intersections of Gender, Race, and Class. 2nd ed. Ed. Valerie Zawilski. Don Mills: Oxford University Press, 2010. 102-121. Print.

Prohibition in the United States and Christian Temperance Union

Prohibition, Why Did Americans Change Their Minds? Alcohol was thought to be the source of several of the nation’s problems. Issues like domestic violence, unemployment and poverty. The Women’s Christian Temperance Union first introduced the idea of prohibition, the illegalization of the buying, selling or consumption of alcohol. Prohibition was made official in 1919 as Nebraska became the 36th state to ratify the proposal. Prohibition took effect one year later in 1920.In the beginning, prohibition had an overwhelming amount of popularity from most of the country however Americans quickly changed their mind. Prohibition ended in 1933 with the 21st amendment to the Constitution. The increase in crime across the nation, several negative financial aspects of prohibition, and the eventual increase in corruption and loss of national restriction were all factors in the nation’s sudden change of heart. Perhaps the largest factor in the change was the overall increase i n crime.The most horrifying statistic from the Prohibition Era was the dramatic increase in homicides. Information taken from a FBI statistical report on homicides states that there was an excess of 9 homicides for every 100,000 people. There were more homicides during prohibition than during the upcoming decades, including both World War I and World War II (excluding deaths during combat). In order to continue the supply of alcohol, now illegal, underground operations began popping up in urban cities.Bootleggers ranged from middle class citizens and their homemade moonshine to an elaborate network complete with a supplier and several customers. With limits on law enforcement and the extent of U. S. jurisdiction, it was easy for people to get around the law. The distance off a U. S. coastline and boarders proved to be difficult areas for law enforcement to maintain. Bootleggers could often get out of U. S. jurisdiction and across the border to either Mexico or Canada where alcohol w as completely legal for sale and consumption.Another reason Americans changed their opinion was the negative effect prohibition had on several different financial aspects. Prohibition took away an enormous amount of income from the government, first with the absence of sales tax on the illegal merchandise. Any alcohol sold there could be no sales tax and thus gained no profit for the government. For all the tax that could have been collected the country could have paid off their national debt with a surplus of $200,000,000 dollars according to research titled The Last Crusade written by Leslie Gordon.But first and fore most prohibition shut down factories. Manufacturers had to shut down plants putting Americans out of a job. Job loss gave prohibition a negative outlook. The third reason Americans eliminated prohibition in 1933 was the corruption at a government level and the loss of national restriction needed to enforce prohibition laws and limits. Stated by Mabel Willebrandt, Depu ty U. S. Attorney General for Prohibition Enforcement, Senators, Congressmen and various government officials, disobeyed prohibition. The very people who put it into effect didn’t follow it.And with the lack of law enforcement, only 3,500 state agents and flying squadrons monitoring the country’s borders, crimes slipped passed the eyes of the police constantly. Crimes also occurred within the country unnoticed by police officers, causing assumptions towards law enforcement with questions on their relationship and involvement with the bootleggers and underground operations. Prohibition put the country in chaos. The increase in crime, lack of income for families and the government, and the government corruption and loss of restriction all became facctors in America’s decision to repeal prohibition.

The Causes and Effects of Obesity Essay - 1390 Words

So much of what occurs in this world is a result of cause and effect. For instance, if a match is struck; a flame ignites, if water is put on the flame; the flame is extinguished, if more fuel is added to the fire; the fire gets bigger. A major problem in our society today, the problem of obesity, results from cause and effect. While many factors are involved, the causes for obesity are ultimately from choices made by individuals. One of the causes for the continuing rise in obesity in the United States is because the cycle of obesity, that perpetuates from parents to their children, continues. Poor nutritional and physical activity modeling from obese parents has a profound negative effect on their children, and if we are ever going to be†¦show more content†¦While fast food is not the best choice of food to eat, it can be fine if eaten in moderation, and if children want to eat fast food too much, parents should just say no. Some parents blatantly state that they dont not have the control to resist buying unhealthy products for their children. They make it seem like they truly do not have a choice of whether they choose to feed their children healthy food or junk food, either because their children demand it or because they are are ignorant about other healthier alternatives. It is humorous to imagine a parent being driven by some powerful force driving through a fast food line or shopping in a grocery store and the unhealthy literally food jumping in shopping cart itself. It is a funny thought but that is almost what it is made to seem like. Recently there was a shocking story in the news about a toddler in Indonesia that smokes numerous cigarettes a day, the parents of the toddler say it is basically too difficult to get him to quit. There was an uproar from shocked parents around the world, claiming child abuse. While of course it is a tragedy for such a thing like a toddler smoking to occur, and in no way should ever be condoned, there is some hy pocrisy involved there. Some of the parents who were disgusted by the story and condemned the toddlers parents are in fact hypocrites, for they are also guilty of knowingly making unhealthy choices for their children, that could be as detrimental to theirShow MoreRelatedCauses and Effects of Obesity823 Words   |  3 PagesObesity occurs in all countries and it is one of the gravest problems in modern society. Mankinds around the world are concerned about obesity. One of the chief causes is unhealthy diets. Obesity is also due to lack of exercise and lack of education and awareness. Therefore obesity has various effects include risk of suffering from a range of health conditions, large fiscal expenditure on medical insurance and lack of self-esteem. One of the chief causes is unhealthy diets. There are high-calorieRead MoreCauses and Effects of Obesity832 Words   |  3 PagesThe epidemic of obesity is a medical circumstance defined as excess weight in the form of fat which may impair health. (World Obesity Federation, 2012). Obesity can be calculated by BMI which is body mass index. Obesity means BMI greater than 30. (ibid). This essay will outline the causes and effects of obesity. Diet, lifestyle, toxic environment and the causes of obesity are physical, psychological and economic are impacts. One fundamental cause of obesity is diet. Adolescence is perfect exampleRead MoreThe Causes and Effects of Obesity686 Words   |  3 PagesCauses and Effects of Obesity Overview Obesity according to Birmingham and Treasure means there is an excess of adipose tissue (fat) in the body (195). Today, hardly a day goes without the mention of an obesity related issue in the news. In a way, obesity is increasingly becoming a national epidemic. 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When an individual’s amount of body fat becomes too high, they are at a greater risk of being affected with life changing diseases such as heart failure, hypertension, type II diabetes, cancer, gallbladder disease, osteoarthritis, and others. This shows that people should become more physically active and attempt to make healthierRead MoreObesity : Causes And Effects2292 Words   |  10 PagesObesity has been a topic of debate for decades. The prevalence of obesity in children in the United States has continued to rise, and there is still much debate on whether one thing or another causes obese effects. According to a Micro simulation analysis, one in three children in the US between ages 2 and 19 were obese between 2009 and 2010 (Kristensen et.al, 2014). Support has been shown that these numbers have only been increasing, as researchers have un covered more about how childhood obesityRead MoreObesity : Causes And Effects2476 Words   |  10 PagesWhen you think of the general health of America, what first comes to mind? Most would likely answer this question along the lines of our population being overweight. Obesity is one of the leading causes of death in the US with at least 30,000 people dying from this disease each year (Obesity Epidemic). Obesity symptoms often arise at an early age and can lead to an array of issues well beyond excessive weight gain, but who is to blame? Many critics attribute the explosion of the disease to theRead MoreCauses And Effect Of Obesity1071 Words   |  5 Pages Obesity is known to produce a number of stress and inflammation responses in the body that lead to the activation of the inflammatory signalling molecules, Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) and inhibitory kB kinase (IKK). Activation of these pathways plays a key part in the development of insulin resistance followed by progression to diabetes as they greatly affect inflammatory responses, insulin signalling, and lipid and glucose homeostatis (Nakamura et al. 2014). For example, activating the JNK pathwayRead MoreCauses And Effects Of Obesity In America870 Words   |  4 PagesThe Centers of Disease Control and Prevention defines obesity as having a BMI over 30 (CDC). In the year 2000, roughly 30 percent of 20 year olds in America w ere obese. By 2003 that number had risen to 32 percent. That is a small window of increase. From the 1970s to the early 2000s, the percent of obese Americans doubled. This means that in 1970, only 15 percent of Americans were obese, and in the thirty years following, obesity took a sharp rise. In 1960, 13 percent of Americans were obese. TheRead MoreCause and Effect Essay on Obesity962 Words   |  4 PagesTiffany Nali Period 3 May 20,2012 Cause and Effect Essay on Obesity Obesity is one of the main topics in America including one of the main reasons of death.-(begin with a subject) Detecting obesity is easy, but treating it can be very hard to do. Never have there have been so many teens and children not only overweight but obese. In some ways, it could be called the plague of the twenty- first century due to adolescents and teenagers indulging

Sociology and Good Facial Expressions Essay - 746 Words

Level 3 Subsidiary Diploma in Health and Social Care Unit 1: Development effective communication in health and social care M3- Assess your communication and interpersonal skills in relation to each interaction In this assignment I will be assess my communication and interpersonal skills in relation to each interaction. 1-Assessment of my group presentation Case study or scenario – was presented with aid of a power point Carlyon is a 57 year old man who had a stroke 12 months ago. He lives at home with his wife who has been assessed as his carer. He enjoyed entertaining people at home before his stroke, and it has taken him a while to develop his skills so that he can invite people to his home again without feeling†¦show more content†¦In most groups there are people who speak a lot and others who speak rarely, if at all, because they feel uncomfortable speaking in front of a group of people or they are just not interested. Groups work best if there is a team leader who encourages everyone to have a say in turn, rather than everyone trying to speak at once. 2- Assessment of my one to one presentation Case study or scenario – this was played out in class with one of my peers, I played Mr-Barhrami. Mr Bahrami moved into Maple Green Care Home three months ago. He is feeling very cared for in terms of the personal care that he receives, but has a deep- seed loneliness that has made him very withdrawn. His move was associated with the death of wife, who had been his main carer. She also was the main person that communicated with Farsi. Although he moved to Britain from Iran 10years ago and can speak some English, his dialogue is very limited. My strengths * There was excellent eye contact between my peer, the audience and I. * Good facial expressions were used in the one to one interaction. * Appropriate open and closed questions were answered during my one to one interaction. * I took my time appropriately when speaking to the social worker (which was played by my peer Shirley-Ann). * I use a clear voice tone during the interaction. * I expressed myself in an articulate manner during my one to oneShow MoreRelatedA Critical outline of the main features of Functionalism, Symbolic Interactionism And Marxism1376 Words   |  6 PagesSociology, the study of society; has been adapted by many sociologists so as to put across their own theories. The most important Sociologists of the early 19th century were Emile Durkeim, Karl Marx and Max Weber; a common factor with all these men is that they were all influenced by the world in which they lived. I intend to, throughout this essay, explain these three different theories, evaluate them and also critically outline their main features. The Functionalist sees society as built up andRead MoreIs Sociology a Science? Essay1956 Words   |  8 Pagesunderstand the world. (Giddens: 2006) Probably the first person who believed that sociology is a science was Auguste Comte. Comte sought to create a science of society that could explain the law of the social world just as natural science explained the functioning of the physical world. He believed that all scientific methods share a common logical method aimed to reveal universal laws. Therefore Comte believed that sociology should apply the same strict scientific methods to the study of society thatRead MoreNorms Are Social Expectations That Guide Our Behavior910 Words   |  4 Pagesat the time, decipher which party was in control, the humans or the dogs? My friend and I decided that this sight was†¦ too much†¦ so we decided to slowly walk away in a backward manner. Having prior knowledge of my sociology norm paper assignment, my friend thought it would be a good idea to get to a fair distance and watch the reactions of people walking by the self perceived sà ©ance. We wanted to figure out if we were mi ssing something, or if this was, indeed, a norm violation. Every person whoRead MoreBody Language And Nonverbal Communication1624 Words   |  7 PagesNonverbal communication refers to the study of body language, which is: facial expressions, gestures, interpersonal distances ... For the broadest definition of non-verbal, it is a mode of communication that has not uses the words. This is all the means available communication between individuals who did not use oral language. The field of study of nonverbal is addressed by several scientific fields such as psychology, neurology, sociology but also by ethology, anthropology and linguistics. Nonverbal communicationRead MoreNorms Are Social Expectations That Guide Our Behavior884 Words   |  4 Pagesat the time, decipher which party was in control, the humans or the dogs? My friend and I decided that this sight was†¦ too much†¦ so we decided to slowly walk away in a backward manner. Having prior knowledge of my sociology norm paper assignment, my friend thought it would be a good idea to get to a fair distance and watch the reactions of people walking by the self perceived sà ©ance. We wanted to figure out if we were missing something, or if this was, indeed, a norm violation. Every person whoRead MoreEthno669 Words   |  3 Pagessociety. You will use your knowledge of course concepts related to disability identity and group belonging. The interview can take place in person or, if absolutely necessary, over Skype, but not on the phone. It is important that you read facial expressions and have a sense of the respondent’s non-verbal communication. You should find out as much as you can about the respondent’s relationship to the social category of disability or chronic illness and sense of group membership. Include the followingRead MoreThe Moral Principles Of Ethics1352 Words   |  6 Pagesdominated the moral values of society and therefore had different ideas on what was right and wrong. Many society used fear to instill goodness in the self and therefore the self may have acted in a manner of goodness out of fear. The self’s need to do good for the other can be influenced by various social factor and Levinas explores the origin of moral values from the level of an individual. Levinas believe that the moral is established at a personal level and not at social, religious or through a civilizingRead MoreMy Primary Goal Of Impression Management1683 Words   |  7 PagesName: Number: Course: Lecturer: Date: Sociology 3. Social interaction Impression management is the desire with an effort to control and influence the perceptions of other people about myself. It could be about me as the subject, my material possession or an event revolving around me. My primary goal of impression management is to create a perception in the minds which are consistent with my goals. Sociologists over time have introduced concepts trying to explain and put into context human behaviorRead MoreEssay about sociology quiz answers1053 Words   |  5 Pagesabstract interpretations that can be used to explain a wide variety of situations. a. beliefs b. theories c. empirical answers d. views e. ideologies 1 points   Ã‚   Question 3 1. According to __________, to become a science, sociology must study social facts, aspects of social life that shape our actions as individuals. a. Émile Durkheim b. Auguste Comte c. Karl Marx d. Emma Goldman e. Max Weber 1 points   Ã‚   Question 4 1. __________ believed that classRead MoreAn Analysis Of Robert C. Solomon s The Essay1766 Words   |  8 PagesEmotional Integrity , Solomon turns to the ethical aspects of our emotional life and their universality across different cultures. He elaborates on the importance of emotions and their evolutionary aspects to one’s life, and his own positive notion that a good life is a passionate one. Using the Nietzschean-Sartrean mode to elucidate his concept of emotional integrity, he centers his argument on its ability to accommodate and manage conflict, which appears to bear some resemblance to Aristotle’s interpretation

The Cost Of Education For Substandard Economy - 1477 Words

Bal was born in one of the small villages in Nepal with substandard economy. He had to struggle his way out of the confines of a suburb life in order to gain quality education. He had a modest childhood as he went to a small village school where quality education was almost impossible to get. Since, the cost of education was in equal terms with the quality of education he received, it was not a big burden for his family to pay his tuition. Later, when Bal reached high school, a slight degree of financial strain began to press on his family. Giving up to the financial pressure, Bal started to teach when he was a teenager when his family’s financial situation aggravated by the absence of his parents who were in a different place in search†¦show more content†¦I met a lot of people and was exposed to a new culture.† he mentioned and continued with a genuine shrug, â€Å"It prepared me for adventures in my life.† He went back to Nepal after a year in Japan. Bal, then got a full bright scholarship for his PHD and came to US. Full Bright is â€Å"the flagship international educational exchange program sponsored by the U.S. Government.†(http://us.fulbrightonline.org/about). Bal said, â€Å"This scholarship is what turned my world around. Had it not been for this scholarship, I would have ended up teaching at some college at Nepal with just a minimum wage.† This scholarship led him to an entirely different path in his life. One US dollar exchanges for 100 Nepalese Rupees, so, I was seemingly impossible for him to pay his cost of attendance here at US, but the scholarship made him aspire for more, gave him bigger future along with a chance to broaden his academic potential and most importantly helped harvest a talent that could have otherwise been wasted in some rural part of Nepal. Bal has embraced teaching as a part of his life now. It’s a wonderful journey made by a poor boy from a small village in Nepal. â€Å"It’s satisfying.† Bal says and pauses for a while to contemplate and starts, â€Å"As I look back at my life, I get a sense of how my life has been full of struggles and challenges and these scholarships have helped me make my way out of those struggles† Bal emphasizes that the scholarships make him work even harder because he knows that

Micro Business Economics Philip Morris

Question: Discuss about the Micro Business Economics by Philip Morris. Answer: (1) Cigarette Advertising The profit (payoff) of Philip Morris = $1 * 4 billion * [AP / (AP + AR)] AP The profit (payoff) of R. J. Reynolds = $1 * 4 billion * [AR / (AP + AR)] AR There are 4 levels of advertising: $200 million, $400 million, $600 million and $800 million. (a) The payoff matrix for this advertising game is: Reynolds Philip $200 million $400 million $600 million $800 million $200 million 1800 , 1800 1133.3 , 2266.7 800 , 2400 600 , 2400 $400 million 2266.67 , 1133.33 1600 , 1600 1200 , 1800 933.33 , 1866.67 $600 million 2400 , 800 1800 , 1200 1400 , 1400 1114.29 , 1485.71 $800 million 2400 , 600 1866.67 , 933.33 1485.71 , 1114.29 1200 , 1200 In the payoff matrix, the first component of each cell represents the payoff of Philip Morris and the second component represents the payoff of R.J. Reynolds. The payoffs are in terms of million dollars. (Varian, 2009) (b) There is only one Nash equilibria in the advertising game. It is when both Philip Morris and R.J. Reynolds are spending $800 million dollar each on advertising. It is the only outcome which is mutually beneficial to both and is hence Nash equilibria. The payoff to each is $1200 million under the Nash Equilibria. (Pindyck and Rubinfeld, 2009) (c) When it becomes infeasible for the cigarette companies to spend $800 million on advertising due to the government ban, the maximum advertising expense will be $600 million. The resulting payoff matrix is shown as follows: Reynolds Philip $200 million $400 million $600 million $200 million 1800 , 1800 1133.3 , 2266.7 800 , 2400 $400 million 2266.67 , 1133.33 1600 , 1600 1200 , 1800 $600 million 2400 , 800 1800 , 1200 1400 , 1400 The Nash equilibrium in the new advertising game is generated when both Philip Morris and R.J Reynolds spend $600 million on advertising. The payoff to each will be $1400 million. (Varian, 2009) Under the ban, the payoff of both Philip Morris and R.J Reynold is $1400 million. Hence, their payoff is increasing due to the ban. Thus, they are both better off from the ban. References: Pindyck, R. and Rubinfeld, D. (2009). Micreconomics. 7th ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Varian, H. (2009). Intermediate Microeconomics: A Modern Approach. 8th ed. New York: W. W. Norton Company.